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Title.
Earth and Space
1. Order these stars from hottest to coolest.
1. Red, Yellow, White, Blue
2. Identify the terrestrial planets and the gas giants.
2. Terrestrial: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and Pluto. Gas Giants: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
3. Describe the appearance of a comet.
3. Comets are made of dust and ice and as a comet comes close to the sun the ice melts and creates a misty tail look on the comet as it passes by.
4. Describe Canada’s contributions to space exploration.
4. Observation satellites named LANDSTAT and RADARSTAT take photos of the earth from space to study ice movement, monitor pollution, and survey natural resources.
5. Define Astronomical Unit (AU).
5.One astronomical unit is equal too the length between the center of earth to the center of the sun
6. Explain the difference between the heliocentric and geocentric models of the solar system.
6. Geocentric: the earth is the center of the solar system
Heliocentric: the sun is the center of the solar system
7. Describe the composition of the sun.
7. Core: In the dense core region the Sun’s own gravity has compressed the hydrogen so much that the 15 000 000 _C temperature is high enough for a nuclear reaction to occur (nuclear fusion)
Photosphere: As the energy released from the Suns fusion travels through many hydrogen layers it finally makes its way to the photosphere, the region where the suns light originates 6 000_C
Corona: The Sun’s atmosphere 1 000 000_C (can only be seen when a total eclipse is present)
8. Determine the name of our galaxy and the galaxy closest to us.
8. Milky Way, Andromeda
9. Describe the function of RADARSTAT.
9. RADARSTAT is a satellite in space that takes photos to study ice movement, monitor pollution and survey natural resources.
10. Define Microgravity.
10. Microgravity: The condition in which objects in orbit seem to be weightless; in fact, gravity is still there but greatly reduced.
11. Describe the purpose of the Canada arm.
11. The Canadarm is a large robotic arm in most spaceships, controlled by remote control, is used to release and retrieve satellites.
13. Describe the solar nebula theory.
13. The terrestrial planets were blasted with the suns radiation and the gas giants kept their gas. This is how the solar system was formed.
14. Describe how red, yellow and blue stars differ in the way in which the meet their end.
14. Young stars are blue in colour and slowly turn yellow and then turn into red dwarfs.
15. Describe the function of the international space station.
15. It is a house for scientists to closely study earth.
Science Unit #3 – Electricity
Final Exam Study Sheets
Allison Chin Semester 2
1. Who was Thales? What did he do?
Thales was a Greek man who In 600 B.C. a Greek man rubbed amber with fur. He found that the amber than would attract feathers and pieces of straw.
2. What are some examples of static electricity?
a) A balloon is rubbed against your hair than stuck to a wall.
b) A comb is rubbed against clean, dry hair will stick to the hair.
c) Clothes stick together when removed from a hot dryer.
3. What is static electricity?
Static electricity is the build-up for stationary charges on an object.
4. What did Benjamin Franklin discover?
After conducting his famous kite experiment Franklin explain that the force of electricity was an attraction between positive and negative charges.
5. What is electric discharge?
6. How does the electrostatic series work?
Every object has a different placement on the series. When any 2 objects in the series are rubbed together, electrons will flow from the object higher up in the series to the object which in lower down on the series. The result is the higher object will be positively charged and the lower object will have a negative charge.
7. Review the Lab on Static Electricity.
8. What is the law of static electricity?
The law of Electrostatic Charges states:
Like charges repel one another and unlike charges attract one another
9. Explain grounding or charging by contact.
10.Explain charging by induction. Give and example of induction in a practical use.
When a negative object is place near a neutral object, the electrons in the neutral object are repel and go to the opposite side of the particle. Protons remain evenly distributed throughout the dust particle. This movement of electrons induces a negative charge on one end of the dust particle and a positive charge at the other end. Induction is used in the Swiffer duster.
11.Read page 308-318.
12.Review electroscope experiment.
13.How do static and current electricity differ?
Static electricity is the buildup of electric charges while current electricity is the continuous movement of electrons in a path.
14.Construct a basic series circuit.
15.How can a switch be used in a circuit? When is a circuit open? When is it closed?
A switch is a control device which determines whether electrons are allowed to move through the circuit. The circuit is said to be closed when the switch is closed and the electrons can flow through the circuit. If the switch is opened, then the circuit will be opened and the circuit will not work.
16.What is the symbol for current? How is current measured? What is the symbol?
17.What is another name for voltage? What is the symbol for voltage? How is it measured?
18.What is resistance? What is the symbol for resistance? How is resistance measured? What is the symbol?
Current
A measure of how many electrons pass a point in a electric circuit
I
Ampere
(Amps)
A
Voltage
(or potential difference)
A measure of force that is pushing electrons through a circuit
V
Volts
V
Resistance
A measure of how a conductor opposes the flow of electrons though it
R
Ohms
19.Explain the water analogy. In this analogy, what is voltage, current and resistance represented by?
The Water Analogy: water is transported to the top of a hill. It gains power through the pressure of gravity. The water then rushes down the other side of the hill with tremendous force. One it’s was down the hill, the water smashes into rocks, fallen trees and other obstacles.
Voltage: the force in which the water crashes down
Current: the flow of water down the river
Resistance: rocks, hills, damns, and tress which oppose the flow of the water.
20.What does a voltmetre measure? How must a voltmetre be connected? What is the symbol for voltmeter?
A voltmeter measures the amount of force which is pushing electrons through a circuit. Voltmetres must always be connected in parallel. The symbol for voltmeters is:
21.Describe the difference between a series and parallel circuit.
A series circuit is one in which electrons have only one path through which they can travel. To contrast, in a parallel circuit, electrons have more then one path through which they can flow.
22.Define Ohm’s Law in sentence form
Ohm’s Law is the ratio of voltage across: resistor to the current through the resistor is constant if the effects of temperature are negated.
.
23.What is the formula for Ohm’s Law?
24. Answer questions relating to Ohm’s Law. Remember correct solution formatting.
25.What does an ammeter measure? How must it be connect? What is the symbol for ammeter?
An ammeter is an electrical device that is used to measure the amount of current flow through a given point in an electrical circuit. Ammeters must always be connected in series. The symbol for ammeter is:
26.How can resistance be calculated in a series circuit? What is the formula?
27.How can resistance be calculated in a parallel circuit? What is the formula?
Calculating Resistance in a Series Circuit
Calculating Resistance in a Parallel Circuit
RT + R1 + R2 + R3. . .
RT = 1 .
1 + 1 + 1 . . .
R1 R2 R3
28.How can current be calculated in a series circuit? What is the formula?
29.How can voltage be calculated in a series circuit? What is the formula?
Series Circuit
Current
I1 = I2 = I3 = IT
Voltage
V1 + V2 + V3 = VT
30.How can current be calculated in a parallel circuit? What is the formula?
31.How can voltage be calculated in a parallel circuit? What is the formula?
Parallel Circuit
Current
I1 + I2 + I3 = IT
Voltage
V1 = V2 = V3 = VT
32.Answer problems involving questions 26-31.
33. What is power? How can power be calculated? What is the formula for power?
Power is the rate of energy comsumption. It can be calculated by finding the ratio of energy consumed to the time taken to consume the specified energy. OR:
34.What is the symbol for energy? What units in energy measured in? What is the symbol for these units?
E represent the amount of energy in Joules (J).
35.What is the symbol for time?
T represents the times taken to consume the specified energy in seconds (s).
36.Answer questions involving the formula for power. Answer in correct solution format.
37.What is the formula for efficiency?
38.Review pages 382-414 in textbook.
39.Name the methods of producing electrical energy.
a) primary vs. secondary voltaic cells
b) photoelectric vs. thermocouples
c) hydro-electric vs. fossil fuelled
d) wind vs. tidal power
40.If time allows, complete chapter review questions.
